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(1) Price JH, Telljohann SK, School counselors' perceptions of
adolescent homosexuals. J School Health, 1991;61: 433-438.
(2) NGLTF. Anti-Gay/Lesbian Victimization, NY 19984 and Remafedi G.
"Male Homosexuality: The Adolescent Perspective" Pediatrics 1987.
(3) Concerned Students, "Homophobia in Schools Project." Des Moines High
School, Des Moines, IA. 1997.
mosexuality" Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 1988
4) Remafedi G. "Male Homosexuality: The Adolescent's Perspective."
Pediatrics 1987
(5) NGLTF Anti-Gay/Lesbian Victimization, NY, 1984 and Remafedi G "male Homosexuality: The Adolescent Perspective" Pediatrics, 1987.
(6) Savin-Williams RC, Theoretical Perspectives Accounting for
Adolescent Homosexuality" J. of Adol. Health Care, 1988.
(7) Hunter J., "Violence Against Lesbian and Gay Youth" J. of Interpersonal Violence, 1990.
8) Uribe and Harbeck 1992) p.22 Coming Out of the Classroom CLoset. Harrington Park Press, 1992.
(9) Ibid, page 229-246 - B. Murphy
(10) O'Brien et al "No Safe Bed" Central Toronot Youth Cervices, 1993.
(11) Martin & Hetrick, "The Stimgmatization of the G/L Adol." J. of Homosexuality, 1988
(12) Shifrin & Solis, "Chemical Dependency in G/L Youth," L/G Men Chemical Dependency, 1992.
(13) Remafedi et al 1991
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School:
LGBT youth from all over the United States have horror stories
to report about their school experiences. It is far too common to hear
young men and women (who either identify as, or are perceived to be LGBT)
speak of physical violence, verbal abuse and constant threats of emotional
terror. Jamie Nabozny is one of these youth. He explains that, "In stead of disciplining the kids beating me up,
the school treated me like I was the problem. They moved me into a special
education class, even though I wasn't the problem. When kids on the bus
wouldn't stop throwing things at me and spitting on me, the school
changed my assigned seating to the front of the bus where I had to sit
with the elementary school children, even though I was sixteen years old,
and even though I wasn't the problem...Instead of teaching the
value of respect for others, the school taught that if you are different,
you are the problem, and you are the one that has to be separated out and
hidden."
In a landmark case of Nabozny v. Podlesny, No. 95- 634, 1996 WL
4208031 (7th Cir. (Wis.)); the United States Court of Appeals for the
Seventh Circuit, which covers the states of Illinois, Indiana and
Wisconsin ruled in favor of Nabozny. Jamie Nabozny suffered years
of anti-gay abuse in middle school and high school, to which school
officials; responded by saying that "boys will be boys" and that
Jamie had to expect such abuse if he was going to be gay. In this ruling,
Nabozny won a ruling that a public school, and school officials as
individuals, may be held liable for monetary penalties for failing to
address anti-gay abuse of a student by other students.
- One in five school counselors reported counseling a homosexual
student about; gay issues would not be professionally gratifying.(1)
- Forty-five percent of gay males and 20% of lesbian females
experience verbal or physical assault in high school. (2) Twenty-eight
percent of these youth are forced to drop out of school because of
harassment resulting from their sexual orientation.
- In Des Moines, Iowa, a student group conducted its own "homophobia
in the Schools Project" to document bigotry for school officials in an
attempt to verify the need for reinforcement and implementation of the
school district's anti-discrimination policies. According to their
research, approximately 25 anti-gay remarks are heard by Des Moins high
school students every day. When slurs were made in front of teachers,
97% didn't respond, according to the survey.(3)
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